Reference soil Russian Federation 04: Podzol

RU004

Podzols mainly occur in cool temperate and moist regions on coarse textured materials. Areas of Podzols have also been recorded from wet, tropical regions, notably the Amazon basin, southern central Africa and southeast Asia.

Characteristics

Soils having a spodic horizon (a dark coloured subsurface horizon with illuvial amorphous alumino-organic substances) within 200 cm from the soil surface, underlying an albic, histic, umbric or ochric horizon, or an anthropedogenic horizon less than 50 cm thick. Podzols are probably the most extensively researched group of soils.

Distribution of Podzols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil RU004: Podzols

Classification

WRB 1998

Carbic- Podzol

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Carbic Podzol

Humic Podzol

Local classification:	Sandy illuvial-humus soil

Other classification

USDA-NRCS (1999)	Typic Humicryod
USDA-SCS (1975)	Typic Cryohumod udic sandy siliceous cryic

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	mixed lithology and composition
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	lacustrine sediments
Remarks on Parent Materials	lacustrine-glacial sand
Texture of parent material (second entry)	sandy

Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	VEGETATION: spruce-pine forest of 3-4 quality class
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	evergreen forest

Physiographic Unit	terrace
Physiographic position of the site	flat
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	lacustrine plain
Slope	0%
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	flat or almost flat

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	well
Flooding frequency (FAO, 1986)	never
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	no groundwater table observed
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	high
Estimated run off (class)	medium

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Surface cracking	no cracks observed
Slaking of aggregates by tillage, rainfall or frost (USDA/SCS, 1979)	no surface slaking/crusting observed
Rock outcrop class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline
Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none

O 0-6 cm	mosses highlyhighly porous (>60 vol%),many roots,non calcareous,abrupt smooth boundary to,
E 6-35 cm	Description sandporous massive,moderately porous (40-60 vol%),few medium and coarse roots,non calcareous,abrupt wavy boundary to,
Bh 35-60 cm	Description sandstrong fine and medium platy,slightly porous (<40 vol%),few fine roots,discontinuous platy weakly cemented ortstein pans,non calcareous,clear wavy boundary to,
60-105 cm	Description sandweak coarse platy,common coarse distinct mottles,moderately porous (40-60 vol%),no roots,non calcareous,gradual wavy boundary to,
C 105-115 cm	coarse sandstratified structure,common coarse distinct mottles,moderately porous (40-60 vol%),no roots,non calcareous,

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Reference soil Russian Federation 04: Podzol

Characteristics

Reference soil RU004: Podzols

Classification